With XenDesktop 5 Express, you can create a virtual desktop (VDI) production environment for up to 10 users or an evaluation environment as a POC …for free! The XenDesktop Express download includes everything you need plus a tutorial video that walks you through the installation process. (You could also use XenDesktop with Microsoft Hyper-V or VMware vSphere as the virtualization layer, but we recommend the included XenServer 5.6).

Then when you’re comfortable with your XenDesktop environment on a LAN, you can try it out on a WAN for free with Citrix Access Gateway VPX 5.0.1 Express.

Here’s what you need… 

Product Download

Download XenDesktop 5 Express edition from: http://www.citrix.com/tryxendesktop

This download (filename: XD5_Express.zip) includes:

• XenDesktop5.iso - XenDesktop Controller & Virtual Desktop Agent
• XenServer 5.6.0-install-cd.iso - XenServer 5.6 virtualization infrastructure
• XenCenter.ja.msi - Install for XenCenter Japanese language version
• XenDesktop_Express_Edition_License.lic - 10 user XenDesktop license
• XenDesktop5_Express_Edition_Tutorial.wmv - Step-by-step guidance for a XenDesktop setup
  
  
  
  

Licenses

Included in the XenDesktop Express download zip:
(Note: Product offers a 30 day grace period until license is applied.)

• XenDesktop 5 Express License file - Covers Controller, Virtual Desktops, and XenServer
• XenServer License - License using XenDesktop Controller’s licensing feature (refer to tutorial video)
  
  
  
  

Sample Configuration

One or more servers capable of supporting the following:

• Windows 2008 or Windows 2008 R2 servers

      -- Desktop controller, 2 GB quad core
      -- Optional server for other pieces (IIS SQL, Web Interface*, Active Directory, etc.)

      *Note: Web Interface could be included on the Desktop Controller instead.

• Windows 7 virtual desktops (VDAs), at least 1GB and 1 core each VM
  
  
  
  

Documentation

• XenDesktop Evaluation Guide - Get step-by-step guidance throughout the installation process.
• XenDesktop 5 Eval Scenarios - Review once you complete the installation.
• Key differences in XenDesktop 5 - Find out what’s new in XenDesktop 5.
• XenDesktop Experience Newsletter - Get technical best practices & other info. Subscribe here

More documentation can be found here.

General Info

• XenDesktop Product Page
• HDX Product Page
• XenDesktop Case Studies 
• Citrix Blogs: XenDesktop
  
  
  
  

Phase 2: Access Gateway

Once you’re comfortable with your XenDesktop environment on a LAN, it’s time to try it out on a WAN …for free. Citrix Access Gateway VPX is a virtual machine based solution for remote access to your XenDesktop environment. Access Gateway VPX configured in “Express mode,” will allow a max of 5 users for 1 year. Here are links to the resources:

• Download Access Gateway VPX 5.0.1 Express and the license file (via MyCitrix)
• Review a guide for integrating Access Gateway VPX with XenDesktop
• View Access Gateway VPX Hardware Requirements
• Configure Access Gateway 5.0 for Citrix Receiver for mobile devices
  
  
  
  

Hope you find this information helpful. If you’ve tried this yourself or there are other resources that you’ve found useful, please share!

Laura Whalen
Citrix Systems, Inc.
Follow me on Twitter

Have you thought about charging your “customers” for IT services you are providing? I bet you have and I thought about that model for quite some time.
The promise of cloud computing, virtualization, usage metering, and IT as a Service often spawn the thoughts of billing the end customer, i.e. business units in a corporation. This is a world where super flexible infrastructure can flip the switch on applications, server workloads, entire desktops and user accounts in a heart beat.
Niel Nicholaisen writes about the topic in this article?
Let me add a few of my own thoughts:
• IT departments can count on (or hope for) a small percentage of a company’s annual revenues as a budget for capex and opex. IT is asked to provide literally the entire workspace and infrastructure for all users and often has to do more with less compared to the previous year. In the healthcare industry, that number stands at roughly 3% of revenues in the US and only about 2% in Europe.
• IT departments often get frustrated, because they have to provide expensive and complicated applications to a handful of users that chew up a large portion of resources and expenditures to do so.
• With the dawn of desktop and broader application virtualization, IT departments are tempted to charge for their services on a per user or per application basis. $30 per month for a desktop, $20 per month for Internet access, $5 per month for anti virus, etc.
• The model is obviously tempting for two reasons: It discourages the use of complex and expensive applications and brings the true cost of computing back to the business and it also holds the promise of increasing the IT budget linearly with the services that are provided.

However, as Niel points out, this can alienate the users. First of all, as a user I may find that I get really shoddy service for the $70 per month or so for basic services per user. As a business, I don’t have the choice to go get my Internet access or email service from someplace else . Sometimes (as a business) I think I can, and I may go to a cloud-based email service or attempt to buy my own backup service, but all of that comes at the cost of increasing complexity and introducing expensive integration points.
Keep in mind that IT is just another corporate service. I am not getting charged for payroll processing, legal support, marketing support, etc. Larger companies tend to cross charge for internal consulting services and sometimes for recruiting activities, but that’s pretty much it.

So, here is my recommendation for IT: Go ahead and charge your business units. Be aware of the pushback this may generate. In order to prevent backlash, do the following:
• Be the best in the industry. That’s right. Users will be tempted to compare the service you are providing (at the price you are charging) to consumer-grade services that are available online and that are provided by much larger organizations with better economies of scale. The expectation for the quality of your service goes up as you start charging for it.
• Virtualize applications and desktops. This will not only centralize the data, but make cost more transparent and predictable. If you do this right, you can reduce costs. If you don’t, you can end up driving up your costs, so choose wisely.
• Consider using third party, cloud based services for certain types of apps. Just because you managed something in-house in the past, doesn’t mean that this is the best modality going forward. CRM and web hosting services are examples of apps that have been pushed (or elevated) to the cloud for a while now in the industry.
• Monitor your resource use and utilization to get a grip on the human cost of environment support. The smaller your organization, the more difficult this is going to be. After all, you can’t hire a fraction of a SQL Administrator.
• Ensure that you explain (via your executives) that you have much higher data availability and reliability standards to meet than any publicly available service and that the company is required to provide the services internally to maintain control and ensure compliance.
• Consider implementing a “Bring Your Own Computer” model. We’ve had it at my employer for a while and it’s great. I own the endpoint, and I can manage my computer just fine, thank you very much. I can now have my own desktop, anti-virus, and other consumer grade services to dabble around and get a corporate Windows 7 image (a virtual desktop) from IT with the key apps I need to do my work.
• Expect to get charged by your accountants for the support they may need to lend to you as part of this process

Questions? Comments? Let me know what you think and how you have been managing the cost of providing IT services.

Florian Becker
Twitter: @florianbecker
Virtualization Pulse: Tech Target Blog
Ask the Architect – Everything Healthcare

As Apple raises the bar once again in mobility with the release of iPhone 4.0, Citrix is keeping pace with our own Receiver update. Citrix Receiver for iPhone 4.00 is now available on the AppStore with a bunch of cool new features:

What’s New

• Multitasking – We’ll be extending the new iOS functionality from Apple so you can run both virtual apps alongside native apps and toggle back and forth between them.
• Shared Clipboard and Documents – You can share clipboard content between native and virtual apps and tranfer files between your virtual environment and device via iTunes.
• External Display – We’re taking advantage of the video out to display virtual apps on an external monitor or projector so that road warriors can give presentations via their iPhone. Very cool.

In addition

• Performance enhancements – Perhaps the first thing you’ll notice with Receiver 4.0 is the performance. Across the board, it’s 40% faster than previous versions.
• Auto-fit Screen – When you rotate the phone, the Receiver screen automatically re-sizes to make the most of the screen real estate.
• Improved Gestures – We’ve improved the responsiveness of Receiver by optimizing how gestures work with Apple’s native iOS so that users get instantaneous feedback. It feels very natural.

4.0 is a quantum leap over previous releases and fundamentally changes the mobile computing user experience. Now that I’ve been running it for awhile, I don’t know how I survived without it. I can’t wait for Apple to extend this to iPad later this Fall. You can bet we’ll be updating Receiver for iPad to match.

Let me know what you think.

Tim

Citrix Education announced the long-awaited availability of the Citrix Certified Enterprise Engineer (CCEE) for Virtualization and Citrix Certified Integration Architect (CCIA) for Virtualization. These advanced certifications, the first ever of their type, help engineers and architects develop and prove the real-world skills required to deliver end-to-end virtual computing, from the data center to the desktop. Here are a few quick facts: 

• The CCEE certification focuses on the ability to combine operational planning skills with tactical design expertise, showcasing Citrix solution integration know-how. To attain the CCEE, students must pass several product-specific exams for Citrix XenApp, XenDesktop, and XenServer. The final requirement of the CCEE exam, A15 Engineering a Citrix Virtualization Solution, features complex simulations, enabling students to showcase their extensive knowledge in a performance-based setting.
• The CCIA certification is the highest Citrix designation and focuses on best practices for virtualization analysis and design. CCIAs possess the skills required for successful implementations, and help organizations reduce costs and time while increasing performance. To achieve the CCIA, candidates must have achieved the CCEE, and pass one more final exam, A16 Architecting a Citrix Virtualization Solution.
• Candidates who achieve either of the new certifications are guaranteed to be current for a period of three years, thanks to our new advanced certification policy. 
• Those candidates who possess earlier versions of the CCEE and CCIA may be eligible for the update path, which allows them to attain the CCEE and CCIA by just passing the respective final exams. To learn more about this option, including recommended experience and training, go to www.citrix.com/CCEEupdate or www.citrix.com/CCIAupdate.

For more info on the CCEE and CCIA for Virtualization, visit us at www.citrixeducation.com.

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) implementations have their own, unique challenges. Healthcare organizations are concerned with selecting a vendor, complying with a myriad of regulations, and basically transforming the way healthcare is delivered to their patients.
Given the transformative nature of an EMR implementation, virtualization is often just a side thought for health CIOs. Therefore, I’d like to shed some light into the topic and share my personal top 5 reasons to pursue this topic further- starting with the centralization of medical records data.
For a quick definition of the term itself, please refer to yesterday’s blog.
I assume that the backend database for your electronic health records reside in a single, centralized datacenter. Through global server load balancing, you may have already implemented site-to-site redundancy, but that’s beside the point for today’s discussion.
So, traditionally, you would have rich client applications or web browsers on the user’s endpoint to consume and manipulate the medical records data. This automatically implies that a lot of health data moves to and from the datacenter and often to remote locations where it is challenging to maintain a tight grip on security.
Application or Desktop Virtualization can solve that problem. Both of these techniques move the client software piece (or web browser) to the datacenter, where it executes securely inside your facility. The health data never even leaves the datacenter. The user interaction happens via a secure, high performance protocol (such as Citrix’ HDX in the XenApp and XenDesktop product lines) and gives the user a snappy interaction with the software, while only exchanging screen updates and keyboard/mouse events between the end user and the datacenter. Additional data streams pertaining to peripherals, printers, USB devices, scanners, and client hard drives are possible, but can easily be disabled to promote further security.
No data ever makes it to the end point, and therefore reducing the risk of HIPAA/HITECH covered security breaches. In addition, user sessions can be audited to establish an independent trail of information in case the regulators or courts require a closer look.
If you’re curious, I encourage you to check out Dan Feller’s Ask the Architect site. Dan has a wealth of information on desktop and application virtualization and associated whitepapers and reference architectures.
Florian Becker
Twitter: @florianbecker
Virtualization Pulse: Tech Target Blog
Ask the Architect – Everything Healthcare

The following is a blog I posted on my “other” site – Virtualization Pulse, hosted by Tech Target. Most readers on these pages are already very knowledgeable, so please forgive the simplistic view. In the near future, I will publish additional blogs on virtualization and specifically focus on the the healthcare IT space. Consider this one a relatively simple level-set for the audience. Enjoy.
———————————

Given that there are a lot of incentives associated with the adoption of Electronic Medical Records, medical CIOs and their teams are inundated by vendor messages these days. Phrases like “Meaningful Use”, “HITECH”, “HIPAA” are on the forefront of everyone’s mind, but you may also hear about virtualization. Given that there is still some confusion on the topic, I’d like to clear a couple of things up:

“Virtualization” is a term that has been traditionally used in the context of server virtualization. The technology involved is often referred to as “Hypervisors” which basically allow a modern server with plenty of CPU and Memory resources to share those resources between multiple “workloads” or “virtual servers”. So, instead of having one physical server with 16 CPU cores and 128 GB of RAM, this server can often house 40-60+ individual workloads that act on your network just as if they were much smaller individual servers. The benefits are obvious. Today’s servers are relatively cheap to acquire and most server workloads don’t require nearly as many computing resources to do their job. IT departments can lower cost by running fewer physical servers, consume less rackspace, lower power consumption and cooling costs. Advanced virtualization solutions also allow for virtual servers to automatically move to a separate physical host in case of a hardware failure. The failover process is often seamless and therefore provides resiliency, but typically requires a separate, redundant storage area network for this to work on the fly. Workloads with less criticality can be moved in a semi-manual fashion where they are simply restarted on another physical host by the administrator.
Vendors in this space include VMware (vSphere), Citrix (XenServer), Microsoft (Hyper-V) and a number of other players.

Application Virtualization. This is another form of virtualization, which has virtually nothing to do with server virtualization (pun intended). In this model, an application (think about your office productivity suite, or your electronic medical records client) is installed on a central server and executes there. The user connects from their endpoint (PC, laptop, thin client devices, etc.) via a remoting protocol and essentially controls the application remotely. This can be done on the simple level with Microsoft Terminal Services and the RDP protocol, and on the higher end via specialized solutions such as Citrix XenApp (formerly known as Presentation Server or MetaFrame). The benefits are obvious. Applications can be centrally managed and IT support personnel would no longer have to touch an end users system to install or patch an application. All updates are performed on a few centrally located servers. This approach also has the advantage of the application being physically close to the backend data of the app (on a low-latency, high bandwidth network), which leads to faster execution of the app and much increased security as the data never leaves the datacenter. The only information that is exchanged between the end-user’s device and the central server are screen updates and mouse and keyboard events. The protocols also include the capability of conveying information such as audio, printing, USB device support etc. The performance is actually astonishing in many cases and the most demanding customers in the area of engineering run their complex design applications via Citrix XenApp.

Desktop Virtualization. This is the latest and greatest. Instead of executing just a set of applications in the datacenter, the industry is moving towards executing desktop operating systems in the datacenter and allowing users to connect to the desktops . One could write a whole book about desktop virtualization, so I am trying to keep it brief. Some vendors tout a “VDI” or “Virtual Desktop Infrastructure” model, where each user basically has their own, assigned, virtual desktop in the datacenter. This model moves the headache of desktop maintenance to a central location, but still encounters some of the same challenges associated with traditional desktop management (such as the need to patch multiple desktop instances and troubleshoot/fix corrupted or infected desktops).
More advanced models go towards a shared desktop image model, where each user connects to a brand new, pristine desktop operating system, which folds the applications and user settings into the desktop as the user connects. This has the advantage of ensuring the highest performance (after all, a brand new desktop always performs best) and can also cut down on the number of desktops to maintain. Having just one or a handful of desktop master images to patch and maintain for thousands of users provides great efficiency gains and cost savings.

So, let’s recap. Server, Application, and Desktop Virtualization are three distinct disciplines in healthcare IT and are important to understand. Don’t fall for the siren’s song and believe that a particular vendor who is good at one discipline is automatically an expert at the other virtualization disciplines.
Check back on these pages in the near future for my rundown on virtualization techniques for your EMR implementation.

Florian Becker
Twitter: @florianbecker
Virtualization Pulse: Tech Target Blog
Ask the Architect – Everything Healthcare

…No, I am not talking about the world-famous subway system in London, but rather like to pick up the topic by Dr. Philip Chase on the Physician’s view of an EMR. Dr. Chase describes how a recent visit to his physician revealed that the esteemed healthcare provider spent a lot of time typing Dr. Chase’s answers into an EMR application. The physician’s attention was divided between the patient and the computer system and the entire encounter had the appearance that the EMR itself interfered with the doctor – patient relationship; hence the “gap” between data acquisition and data entry.

Since there’s a lot of talk on EMR’s these days (one recent blog post describes the HITECH Anxiety), I figured it be a good time to reiterate some of the common sense EMR thoughts and best practices.
• Doctors don’t want to be IT admins. Correct. I don’t think they have to. Purely Internet-based EMR vendors use this tagline to entice providers to move all of their patient data to a hosting provider, but many physicians are more comfortable with on-premise solutions. Roughly 50% of office visits are delivered by 1-2 doctor practices. Like many other small business in all kinds of verticals, physicians can rely on other (often small) businesses in the IT / Computing world to setup a local system and support a locally running EMR. It’s “my computer guy” who takes care of installing, maintaining, patching, and backing up the systems in any small business, regardless of the industry. Action: Think about hosted vs. on-premise systems and pick the ones that you are most comfortable with.
• Usability is key. You don’t want your patients to stop seeing you, because the visits have become impersonal. Don’t focus more than 5-10% of your patient time looking at a computer screen. This will require discipline and some practice. Pick EMR software that lets you work from selection lists and templates rather than free text. Practice some typing (if that’s new to you) and have a vendor demonstrate the speed of documentation and order entry to you.
• Devices play a big role. Bigger than you think. Vendors bombard you with different options. Everything from regular office PCs, laptops, tablet PCs (including the Apple iPad), to computers on wheels (COWs) are options. Depending on your practice setup, one or more of these may fit. Here are some thoughts: Don’t set up your devices statically (that would require you to turn your back on the patient on occasion). If you go for wheeled devices, make sure they are not clumsy or blocking your space and movement in the practice. Ensure that wireless networks reach all your exam rooms and provide good signal strength. Consider a tablet device as you can carry it around. Be mindful of the device often occupying at least one of your hands that you won’t have avalailable to examine or treat the patient. Some devices with smaller form factors are said to fit in a lab coat. Try it before you buy! Consider the devices battery life and screen size. Action: Try the different devices in conjunction with the short list of EMRs you’re considering. Some vendors have specific user interfaces for mobile devices or iPads that improve usability when using a multi-touch interface.
• Multi-user environments pose special challenges. If you have more than 1 clinical user or running a group practice, consider the fact that physicians will physically move away from a device and into the hallway or next exam room. Unless you choose portable devices, consider fast log off and log on modalities and session roaming. The latter can be achieved through application and desktop virtualization, where your application executes centrally and the “terminals” in the exam rooms and hallways just provide interactive access to the application.
• Offsite usage. Nothing is more annoying than not having access to a system when you need it. Ensure that your system has secure offsite access built in. In most web-based EMRs , you should be covered. More elaborate systems may require app or desktop virtualization where the apps and data stay securely tucked away in the data center (or data closet, depending on your size) and allow your users to connect securely over the Internet to the user interfaces of the apps. Action: Discuss those options with your “computer guy” and your EMR vendor.

I plan on sharing more specific virtualization best practices with you in the upcoming weeks and months. Please let me know if there are specific topics you would like to hear about.

Florian
Twitter: @florianbecker
Ask the Architect – Everything Healthcare
Tech Target Blog – Virtualization Pulse

Computerworld posted an article titled E-Health and Web 2.0: The Doctor will tweet you now. The title made me cringe, to be honest. If any medical provider would communicate with a patient via facebook or twitter on patient related topics, we’d have an avalange of lawsuits on our hands. Thankfully, it is not that bad as the article cited above describes electronic communications between doctors and patients accurately. However, the slightly misleading title still leads me to believe that some clarification on web and social media is in place.

• Ever heard of email? It’s this killer app that spread from scientists to the rest of the world in the mid-to-late nineties. It’s not inherently secure, but there are systems that allow for secure communication and it is slowly being discovered by the healthcare world to allow patients and providers communicate with one another. Instant messaging also falls into this category and so is text messaging (txt is really a special form of telephony and we have been using that killer app for at least 50 years to communicate with our doctor). Sophisticated EMR vendors have implemented such capabilities into their systems. There are many, but Epic’s MyChart module comes to mind – for an idea on how it works, check out the various Group Health Seattle Ads: I actually only found a recent one here. Group Health Seattle implemented MyChart and secure patient to doctor communication in 2002/2003 – long before YouTube became mainstream, so I can’t find the original ads, which also shows you that this is nothing new. The key here is that patients and providers don’t use the “traditional” email systems that are often available for free by various providers on the Internet, but implement a system directly into the Electronic Medical Records app, which has the added benefit that the communication becomes part of the patient’s record.

• Twitter and facebook are still relatively new, and are certainly not intended for any kind of point to point communication, but rather for dissemination to larger groups or “Communities of followers”. Businesses (Joe’s Pizza as much as a doctor’s office, larger group practice, or large hospital) leverage twitter, facebook, MySpace, etc. to update their customers about things they deem important. Announcing new products or services, sending links of interest, or providing patient education on general topics are all things that lend themselves greatly to twitter and facebook. By the way, the same information can be effectively distributed via email lists, but twitter and facebook allow for customer controlled opt-in and opt-out. Both sides win – customers don’t get annoying unsolicited emails and business don’t have to manage email lists. Again, evem the direct message feature in twitter does not lend itself to securely communicate with patients, hence my introductory cringing at the beginning of this blog.

• Speaking of blogs….Blogs are also labeled “social media”. The idea is really nothing new. In the old days (by that, I mean the very old days in the mid 90s), we had to teach ourselves HTML, stand up a web site, and voila – we could get our thoughts and comments out on the web. In my mind, blogs are the great equalizer as they are very easy to use and provide the technical means to publish articles and opinions to the web (some are rants – actually, this blog could be described as a mild rant) . Blogs often allow for others to comment on the original article and that way get a nice discussion going. In healthcare, blogs play an important role as patients can discuss their own conditions with others (often anonymously by using screen names instead of their real names). This also allows for the sharing of information and the establishment of a support network. It’s the 2009 version of Fight Club without the hugging. Twitter and blogs often go together as bloggers leverage twitter to announce a new post to their community of followers. Healthcare providers can provide pro-active patient education via blog sites and use twitter to let their patients know that something noteworthy has been published.

So – none of these concepts are new or revolutionary in my mind. These are old technologies that either make the administration easier (blogs) or allow more user control when it comes to information blasts (twitter, facebook), or facilitate point to point communication (email, IM,txt). It goes without saying that both patients and providers must carefully consider their privacy (and the associated regulations) when using either of these media forms.

Thoughts? Comments? Please post them here.
Follow me on twitter: @florianbecker

Earlier this week I attended “The New Wave of Healthcare IT Virtual Seminar” from SearchHealthIT.com. Unfortunately, I had to leave for the airport, but I did catch one of the first sessions on mobile health by Claudia Tessler and C. Peter Waegermann of the mHealth Initiative, Inc.
mHealth is basically the area where electronic medical records (EMR), mobile computing, social media and direct patient / doctor communication intersect.
The vision is clear: Patients and their doctors communicate via all the modalities we’re already enjoying as consumers: eMail, text messages, and sometimes social media. The obvious challenge is that the desire for convenience must be carefully balanced with the mandated need for privacy and security.
Application and Desktop virtualization can confine the protected data to the datacenter, while enabling clinicians to interact with the data securely over any device without the need to re-write the application. Application vendors sometimes offer secure patient portals that allow for direct communication between patients and doctors and nurses. With app and desktop virtualization, even the relatively new iPad is supported out of the box through Citrix Receiver.
The following resources provide a best-practices based approach to designing virtualization environments based on Citrix XenApp and XenDesktop technologies:

• Windows XP Optimization Guide for Virtual Desktops
  Description: If Windows XP is still your desktop operating system of choice and it is going to be used within a virtual desktop environment, you need to optimize it appropriately. The optimizations will help deliver a better user experience and greater scalability on the hypervisor of choice (XenServer, Hyper-V, or ESX).
• XenDesktop Modular Reference Architecture
  Description: The architecture explained within this white paper is a recipe for creating a scalable XenDesktop environment using any required FlexCast option. This reference architecture discusses how to configure the controllers, imaging layer, application layer and the desktop layer.
• High-Availability for Desktop Virtualization – Reference Architecture
  Description: In environments where desktop virtualization is a critical business resource, it is imperative that the solution remains available even if a component or data center is lost. This reference architecture looks at all levels of the entire XenDesktop solution, and provides an architecture for creating a highly-available solution.
• High-Availability for Desktop Virtualization – Implementation Guide
  Description: Implementing a desktop virtualization solution oftentimes requires an investigation and implementation of the high-availability options. This white paper provides step-by-step instructions for enabling high-availability in XenDesktop within a single site and across multiple sites.
• Virtual Applications or Virtual Desktops
  floirDescription: Trying to decide between virtual desktops and virtual applications is oftentimes challenging. By understanding the core expectations and requirements for each delivery method helps make this decision easy. This white paper focuses on the decision and how to identify the most appropriate type of delivery solution.
• Networking topics, including Global Server Load Balancing- it’s like never having to worry about datacenter failures again.

These and many other good nuggets on real world implementations of virtualization and networking practices can be found at the Ask the Architect sites.

Florian Becker
follow me on twitter: @florianbecker

Do you ever wonder how much bandwidth you need to do a desktop virtualization implementation? Regardless of the flavor of virtual desktop being implemented (hosted shared, hosted VM-based VDI, local streamed, etc), the network plays a critical role. That should not be surprising (if it is, we need to have an even bigger discussion). If you don’t plan your network bandwidth appropriately, you will have unhappy users, who will make you unhappy.

As we would expect, the user experience degrades as the latency increases and the bandwidth decreases. Proper network planning must be based on the type of work users are performing and the overall network topology. Back in the XenApp-only days, many people used 20 kbps as an estimate for network bandwidth requirements. Can we use that for virtual desktops? NO (although I could configure XenDesktop to only use 20 kbps).

Virtual desktops require more bandwidth because:

• In default configuration, virtual desktops provide a greater and richer experience than the default XenApp configuration.
• Virtual desktop users are idle less often than hosted application users. For example, if a user is sitting in front of a workstation and is accessing a hosted application on XenApp, the desktop and XenApp applications both appear as active. However, when the user is not working with the XenApp application, they are identified as idle by XenApp even though they might be active on their desktop. Due to this difference, the desktop will have less idle time than XenApp hosted applications.
• Desktops access and consume more multimedia and graphical mediums than most applications. A user’s desktop session also includes internet activity, which often includes more graphics, video and sounds. When using a XenApp hosted application, these multimedia activities are only utilized if the application allows.

Estimating network impact is not a trivial matter because the ICA/HDX protocol tunes itself based on the amount of bandwidth available. The less bandwidth available means more compression is applied. Also, any estimate must include percentages for different user activities: typing, graphics, Internet, video (Flash, WMV, etc), and printing. With this information, the following table can be used to create an ESTIMATE (and I do mean this is an estimate):

 
By calculating the percentage of time a user is expected to be doing certain activities, a rough estimate can be determined for HDX bandwidth requirements. If multiple users are expected to be accessing the same type of content (videos, web pages, documents, etc), integrating the Branch Repeater into the architecture can drastically reduce the amount of bandwidth consumed. However, the amount of benefit is based on the level of repetition between users.

Note: Additional details on the bandwidth estimates can be gathered by referring to the following Citrix white paper: CTX124457 – Performance Assessment and Bandwidth Analysis for Delivering XenDesktop to Branch Offices.

So what does this mean? It means using a single number as your bandwidth estimate is not good enough. You need to understand what users are doing and what percentages you expect them to be doing different activities. After that, you will get a good idea of how much bandwidth is required for a virtual desktop implementation.

Daniel
Lead Architect – Worldwide Consulting Solutions
Follow Me on twitter: @djfeller
My Blog: Virtualize My Desktop
Questions, then email Ask The Architect
Facebook Fan Page: Ask The Architect